Marketing Speech Notes Distribution Channels - 1379 Words

Hi, my name is xxxxxxx and this is xxxxx. Our talk is on Topic 10: Distribution strategies. The first question asked us to examine Marketing Distribution Channels. Identify and describe the marketing distribution channel system currently being used by the company and product and highlight the types of wholesalers and/or retailers used. A distribution channel can be defined as a set of interdependent organisations and firms that are involved in the process of directing products from producers to end consumers. Marketing Intermediaries are an integral part of this process and can be seen as middlemen. They are used to help the company promote, sell, and distribute its goods to other necessary intermediaries or ultimately - the final†¦show more content†¦Exclusive distribution involves a limited number of intermediaries given exclusive rights to distribute the companys products, so as to limit number of channel members to one intermediary in each geographic territory. An example of this type of distribution can be easily found in the automotive industry, with prestigious brands such as Porsche, Ferrari, Jaguar and Maseratti all having a limited number of dealerships. Selective distribution involves the use of more intermediaries than that used on an exclusive basis, but still fewer than all possible intermediaries. A limited few intermediaries are used to sell the product within a given geographic region. This is a technique employed by many television or furniture companies. Clothing companies such as country road and Tommy Hilfiger as distribute in this manner. Using selective methods enables means company does not have to spread it efforts out over a large area, this gives a higher amount of control and usually results in lower costs. Companies can then concentrate on relationships and interactions with intermediaries so as to maintain a good image and to improve the overall selling effort. Intensive distribution is used by producers of convenience goods and common raw materials. Intensive distribution is a strategy which entails the use of all possible and suitable outlets for the product. This type of distribution is highly competitive and is often sought by manufacturers of high-volume,Show MoreRelatedMarketing Theory and Example7270 Words   |  30 PagesTopic : Marketing. 1.introduce to marketing. The major purpose of marketing is to recognize the individual and societal needs. If a product is produced without consumption, it will not be able to bring any profits to the manufacturer. Therefore, the brief definition of marketing is to evaluate people’s needs profitably. In 1985, the American Marketing Association defines marketing as follow: Marketing is the activity, set of processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offeringsRead MoreA Report on Exploring Distribution Channel of Grameen Phone7792 Words   |  32 PagesA Report on Exploring Distribution Channel of Grameen Phone i A Report on Exploring Distribution Channel of Grameen Phone Submitted To Dr. Md. Baktiar Rana Course Title: Marketing Channel Management Course Code: MKT 403 Submitted By Aniqa Tahsin Anchal(787) Md. Shafaeth Zaman(802) Nafiz Imtiaz Noor(816) Md. Ashiqul Islam(1332) Md. Aftarul Islam(1981) Date of Submission 22nd February, 2014 Institute of Business Administration, Jahangirnagar University ii LETTERRead MoreMass Communication5882 Words   |  24 Pagesincreasingly focused on the convergence of publishing, broadcasting and digital communication. 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Introduction Singapore is the nation of islands whichRead MoreSales and Marketing for Financial Institutions80443 Words   |  322 PagesFIN235 sales and marketing for financial institutions Master of Applied Finance INTRODUCTION TOPIC 1 TOPIC 2 TOPIC 3 TOPIC 4 TOPIC 5 TOPIC 6 TOPIC 7 TOPIC 8 TOPIC 9 INTRODUCTION DISCLAIMER These materials are issued by Kaplan Higher Education on the understanding that: 1. Kaplan Higher Education and individual contributors are not responsible for the results of any action taken on the basis of information in these materials, nor forRead MoreTaran Swan Hbr Case Analysis2602 Words   |  11 PagesNickelodeon is a cable channel for kids 2-11 years old. It started out in the US in 1979. Nickelodeon produced cartoons, live action, comedy, drama, music, sports and game shows. In 1996 it was the most popular kid’s TV channel in the US. The international channels had their own names, but relied on US programs that were voiced over. The channels were launched by a team from corporate the company called the Nickelodeon International Swat Team. They would build the channel and transition it to localRead MoreDaffodil International University7456 Words   |  30 Pagesï » ¿ Daffodil International University Internship Report On Marketing Challenges of Readymade Garments Industry in Global Market: A Comparative Study on Lusaka Group Supervised By: Mr.Gouranga Chandra Debnath Assistant Professor Department of Business Administration Daffodil International University Prepared By: Md.Nahid Hasan ID NO # 073-11-2130 Batch: 18th Major: Marketing Date of Submission: 31-08-2014Read MoreEssay on Bus 599 Week 11 Bus599 Week 115733 Words   |  23 Pagesbelieve is the best strategic position for your company. Explain the approach you will use to implement this strategic position in order to distinguish your beverage from other non-alcoholic beverages. 5. Provide an overview of your company’s distribution channels. Explain the manner in which your product will reach end users. Provide a rationale for your chosen method. * Hints:  For example, will you sell your beverage in grocery stores, restaurants, or sports venues? If so, describe the typesRead MoreEssay about What Chuck Dons Can Learn From Apple Computer2915 Words   |  12 Pagesidentify an additional company that could benefit from the lessons from this case. Success From this case study, four main components of success for Apple Computer Inc. surface: Innovation Strategic thinking and partnerships Marketing savvy Learning from past mistakes Apple Computer Inc. demonstrates a history of innovation. From its beginnings and introduction of the Apple II, to the Mac, to its more recent iTunes and iPhone, Apple has managed to maintain a competitiveRead MoreBoots Strategic Planning and Implementation5135 Words   |  21 Pagesexternal competitive market environment. It is related with marketing strategy, production and operations strategy, finance and other business objectives. A weak strategic marketing planning could create wastage of resources and miss the opportunities. Effective strategy is able to correlate the different operations within the organisation in order to reach a common goal. Graeme Drummond, John Ensor, Ruth Ashford (2008) Strategic Marketing: Planning and Control (3rd edition) Task1: Alliance Boots

Analysis of the Poem War Photographer - 1435 Words

War Photographer by Carol Ann Duffy In his darkroom he is finally alone with spools of suffering set out in ordered rows. The only light is red and softly glows, as though this were a church and he a priest preparing to intone a Mass. Belfast. Beirut. Phnom Penh. All flesh is grass. He has a job to do. Solutions slop in trays beneath his hands which did not tremble then though seem to now. Rural England. to ordinary pain which simple weather can dispel, to fields which dont explode beneath the feet of running children in a nightmare heat. Something is happening. A strangers features faintly start to twist before his eyes, a half-formed ghost. He remembers the cries of this mans wife, how he sought approval without words†¦show more content†¦It is seen that the photographer’s feelings are brought out in two contrasting situations, at home and while at warfront. The poet continues to describe the sufferings of the photographer when his mental state is compared as he is travelling between the two contrasting worlds – one the warfront which is full of destruction and chaos and the other is ‘Rural England,’ probably countryside that is peaceful and serene. He compares the pain of war to simple pain of changing weather back at home in England. There being nothing worse then the harsh weather that the children have to face as against the mines that explode on the running feet of the children affected by war. This only tells us that the photographer longs peace and he is deeply moved by the affected children. His prolonged thoughts are presented with great effect by the use of enjambment in this line and this adds to the effect of continuity of thoughts. From a realistic tone the poet moves on to a mysterious tone when she opens this third stanza with ‘something is happening.’ Probably something unforgettable, frustrating and unbearable is happening. This is unfolded in the subsequent line, ‘half-formed ghost,’ it’s the body of a dead soldier which seems to be haunting the photographer who is dead. His conscience is pricking him for he had to seek the dead soldier’ wife’s s permissionShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem War Photographer By Carol Ann Duffy2591 Words   |  11 Pagesexperiences and the issues it raises for the living. Death is rife during global conflicts and some poets use their craft to show the pain and suffering aspects of death. ‘War Photographer’ by Carol Ann Duffy presents people’s death through both literal and figurative lexis. 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Pharmaguard Limited

Questions: The level of each activity in the three market segments and the total cost incurred for each activity in 2015 is shown below: Activity-based cost data Activity level Pharmacare 2015 Activity General supermarket chains Pharmacy chains Pharmacist-owned single stores Total cost of activity in 2015 Orders processed (number) 140 360 1 500 $80 000 Line-items ordered (number) 1 960 4 320 15 000 63 840 Store deliveries made (number) 120 360 1 000 71 000 Cartons shipped to stores (number) 36 000 24 000 16 000 76 000 Shelf-stocking (hours) 360 180 100 10 240 $301 080 Required: 1. Compute the 2015 gross-margin percentage for each of Pharmaguards three market segments. 2. Compute the cost driver rates for each of the five activity areas. 3. Use the activity-based costing information to allocate the $301080 of other operating costs to each of the market segments. Compute the operating profit for each market segment. 4. Comment on the results. What new insights are available with the ABC information? 5. The senior management at Phramaguard plans to implement ABC in its retail operations, manufacturing operations and its medical centre operations. The staff in these divisions are not in favour of implementing ABC and the Activity-based management (ABM). They are resisting these changes. Some employees are questioning, why does the company need to change at all? 6. As a consultant, give your professional advice on the benefits and limitations of adopting ABC for all its all operations at Pharmaguard. Answers: Introduction Pharmaguard has approached Delots Management Consultants regarding implementing Activity-based Costing ( ABC ) in its retail operations. The company has three main market segments: General supermarket chains Pharmacy chains Pharmacist owned single stores Delots Management Consultants scope will be to study the current segment wise profitability and analyze the gross margin and profit numbers using the traditional method being followed by Pharmaguard. The analysis starts with analyzing the drivers of the operating costs i.e., Orders processed, Line-items ordered ( number ), Store deliveries made ( number ), Cartons shipped to stores ( number ), Shelf-stocking ( hours ), goes on to find the profitability after allocating the operating costs using Activity Based costing method ( ABC ). The results are compared and the reasons for the difference are delved into. Post the analysis, a recommendation for the use of traditional and ABC method is done so that the better method is used by Pharmaguard in future. The typical pitfalls in using either of the methods are also enumerated in the analysis below. Finally, the recommendation is made as to which method should the company adopt in future so as to iron out inefficiencies and provide better business to its market segments Analysis The company currently makes a revenue of $ 8.8 mn. 42 % of the revenue or $ 3.71 mn comes from General supermarket chains. 36 % of the revenue or $ 3.15 mn comes from Pharmacy chains. 22 % of the revenue or $ 1.98 mn comes from Pharmacist-owned single stores. The mix of the cost of goods sold is 43 : 36 : 21 for General supermarket chains, Pharmacy chains, Pharmacist owned single stores respectively. As a result, the gross margin of $ 438 k is divided into $ 108 k for General supermarket chains, $ 150 k for Pharmacy chains and $ 180 k for Pharmacist-owned single stores. Thus the gross margin % are 2.9 % for General supermarket chains, 4.8 % for Pharmacy chains, 9.1 % for Pharmacist-owned single stores. After the operating costs of $ 301 K, the operating profit is 1.5 % or $ 136 k. Orders processed 7 % of the mix of the orders processed ( 140 ) comes from General supermarket chains, 18 % the mix of the orders processed ( 360 ) comes from Pharmacy chains, 75 % the mix of the orders processed ( 1500 ) comes from Pharmacist owned single stores. In all, 2 k orders are processed with total cost of $ 80 k. The cost per activity driver is $ 40. Line-items ordered ( number ) 9 % of the mix of the Line-items ordered ( 1960 ) comes from General supermarket chains, 20 % the mix of the Line-items ordered ( 4320 ) comes from Pharmacy chains, 70 % the mix of the Line-items ordered ( 15000 ) comes from Pharmacist owned single stores. In all, 21.28 k orders are processed with total cost of $ 64 k. The cost per activity driver is $ 3. Store deliveries made ( number ) 8 % of the mix of the stores deliveries made ( 120 ) comes from General supermarket chains, 24 % the mix of the stores deliveries made ( 360 ) comes from Pharmacy chains, 68 % the mix of the stores deliveries made ( 1000 ) comes from Pharmacist owned single stores. In all, 1.48 k orders are processed with total cost of $ 71 k. The cost per activity driver is $ 48. Cartons shipped to stores ( number ) 47 % of the mix of the cartons shipped to stores made ( 36 k ) comes from General supermarket chains, 32 % the mix of the cartons shipped to stores made ( 24 k ) comes from Pharmacy chains, 21 % the mix of the cartons shipped to stores made ( 76 k ) comes from Pharmacist owned single stores. In all, 76 k orders are processed with total cost of $ 76 k. The cost per activity driver is $ 1. Shelf-stocking ( hours ) 56 % of the mix of the Line-items ordered ( 360 ) comes from General supermarket chains, 28 % the mix of the Line-items ordered ( 180 ) comes from Pharmacy chains, 16 % the mix of the Line-items ordered ( 100 ) comes from Pharmacist owned single stores. In all, 640 orders are processed with total cost of $ 10.24 k. The cost per activity driver is $ 16. Thus the total operating cost spend of $ 301 k is divided as 27 % or $ 80 k for orders processed, 21 % or $ 64 k for line item ordered, 24 % or $ 71 k for stores deliveries made, 25 % or $ 76 k for cartons shipped to stores, 3 % or $ 10.24 k for shelf stocking. Based on the ABC method of allocating overheads on the above mentioned cost drivers, $ 301 k of cost is allocated as $ 59 k for General Super market chains, $ 71.5 k for Pharmacy Chains, $ 170.573 k for Pharmacist owned single stores. This represents a mix of 20: 24: 56 for General Super market chains, Pharmacy Chains and Pharmacist owned single stores respectively Accordingly, the amounts allocated to the segments for the various operating cost heads are given below Orders processed ( number ) 7 % of the mix of the orders processed ( $ 5600 ) comes from General supermarket chains, 18 % the mix of the orders processed ( $ 14.4 k ) comes from Pharmacy chains, 75 % the mix of the orders processed ( $ 60 k ) comes from Pharmacist owned single stores. Line-items ordered ( number ) 9 % of the mix of the Line-items ordered ( $ 5.88 k ) comes from General supermarket chains, 20 % the mix of the Line-items ordered ( $ 12.96 k ) comes from Pharmacy chains, 70 % the mix of the Line-items ordered ( $ 45 k ) comes from Pharmacist owned single stores Store deliveries made ( number ) 8 % of the mix of the stores deliveries made ( $ 5.8 k ) comes from General supermarket chains, 24 % the mix of the stores deliveries made ( $ 17.3 k ) comes from Pharmacy chains, 68 % the mix of the stores deliveries made ( $ 48 k ) comes from Pharmacist owned single stores. Cartons shipped to stores ( number ) 47 % of the mix of the cartons shipped to stores made ( $ 36 k ) comes from General supermarket chains, 32 % the mix of the cartons shipped to stores made ( $ 24 k ) comes from Pharmacy chains, 21 % the mix of the cartons shipped to stores made ( $ 76 k ) comes from Pharmacist owned single stores. Shelf-stocking ( hours ) 56 % of the mix of the Line-items ordered ( $ 5.76 k ) comes from General supermarket chains, 28 % the mix of the Line-items ordered ( $ 2.88 k ) comes from Pharmacy chains, 16 % the mix of the Line-items ordered ( $ 1.6 k ) comes from Pharmacist owned single stores. Based on the above allocations, the profitability analysis i.e. operating profit is $ 49 k for General Super market chains, $ 78.5 k for Pharmacy Chains, $ 9.4 k for Pharmacist owned single stores. This represents a mix of 36 % for General Super market chains, 57 % for Pharmacy Chains, 7 % for Pharmacist owned single stores. The operating profit % is 1.3 % for General Super market chains, 2.5 % for Pharmacy Chains, 0.5 % for Pharmacist owned single stores. Based on the gross margin % , the following are the market segment ranks in terms of profitability Segment Rank Pharmacist-owned single stores 1 Pharmaguard Ltd 2 Pharmacy chains 3 General supermarket chains 4 However, after the adoption of ABC costing system for allocation of other operating costs, the ranking of market segments completely changes. The new ranking is as under Segment Operating Profit % Rank Pharmacy chains 2.5 % 1 Pharmaguard Ltd 1.5 % 2 General supermarket chains 1.3 % 3 Pharmacist-owned single stores 0.5 % 4 The market segment which was ranked 1 in the gross margin analysis has now become rank 4 after allocation of operating costs As mentioned, the senior management is in favor of the change in the costing system to ABC system while the retail ground level staff is resisting. The reason for this is evident in the results given in the answer to d above wherein the retail pharmacist owned single stores were ranked higher in terms of gross margin profitability. Hence they were benefitting. There was no basis of allocation of operating costs earlier. Hence it was reduced from the overall gross margin to arrive at operating profitability. The true profit picture emerged only after the allocation of operating costs through ABC method. The Pharmacist owned single stores are most dismally performing. There are some benefits of adopting ABC by Pharmaguard which can be understood by comparing it with the traditional method of costing. The pricing of products for Pharmaguard may be incorrect if ABC system is not used. a ) The case in point is selling prices in pharmacist owned stores seemed to be correct earlier. But now they generate the lowest profitability after ABC is used. Pricing in Pharmacist owned single stores have to increase to generate the same level of profitability as before. Pricing in general super market chains may have been set too high than the market can absorb. Hence the gross margin was dismal. But after the allocation of operating cost as per ABC system, the pricing seem to be alright. Thus there is a situation where non use of ABC system leads to incorrect setting of selling price. For certain underpriced market segments, pricing may be lower and hence profits may be squandered. For high prices set, the market may not be in a position to absorb and hence market share will be squandered. Competition will take advantage b ) The efficiencies of the team performance may not come to the fore if ABC is not used. Since the foundation is itself erroneous in the absence of ABC, the appraisal of market segment performance will be flawed. The bad performers may hide behind the incorrect costing. c )Since different market segments will have capital and revenue budget to be earmarked, the flawed profitability analysis using non ABC methods will result in good money chasing bad market segments and the segments will not actually perform. This will affect adequacy of budgets for the good segments. d ) The segments which have been allocated inadequate budgets will not be in a position to perform due to lack of funds. Thus they will not produce the quantum of goods or service up to their potential. Customers will not be optimally served and the market share of the segment will go down thereby affecting the entire company profitability as well. However, the foundation of ABC is identifying the correct drivers. If that is not done, then the entire exercise will throw wrong results and decision making will be affected. However, in cases where entities have low overhead costs, the allocation methodology would not make any great change to the overall absorption and hence the costs will be similar. In cases, where the management feels that traditional costing methods to allocate operating costs are more representative and is representing a direct driver of overhead costs, use of traditional method or Activity Based costing ( ABC ) would give same results Inference and Conclusion Thus it is clear that the ABC method of allocating costs is a superior method compared to traditional method. Delots Management Consultants feels that the company should adopt ABC and implement the same. This will help to iron out budget flaws, the tracking of performance, the pricing to the market and maintaining or increasing market share of its respective segments. References AccountingCoach.com. (2016).Activity Based Costing | Explanation | AccountingCoach. BusinessDictionary.com. (2016).What is activity based costing (ABC)? definition and meaning.. Classes.bus.oregonstate.edu. (2016).CHAPTER 11: ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING. The Economist. (2009).Activity-based costing.

John Locke Essays (774 words) - Rights, Empiricists, John Locke

John Locke John Locke John Locke was an English philosopher and political theorist during the 1600s. He was also the founder of British empiricism. He is known for his great contribution to the Enlightenment period, in which he gave people the idea of natural rights and a government that protects those rights. John Locke also wrote a famous essay called Concerning Human Understanding and attacked the theory of divine right of kings in Two Treatises of Government. John Locke was a very important philosopher and his ideas effected many people. John Locke was born in Wrinlington, Somerset on August 29,1632. He lived from 1632 to 1704. He was the son of a puritan lawyer who fought for Cromwell in the English civil war. The father also named John Locke was a very devoted man to his work and family and an even-tempered man.John Locke was educated at Westminniser School and Oxford and later became a tutor at the university. His friends urged him to leave the church and start writing all of his great ideas, but John Locke said he was not fit for that calling, so he remained at the Church of England. He had long been interested in Meteorology and the experimental sciences, especially chemistry. He turned to medicine and became one of the most known practitioner of his time (Microsoft). In 1669, Locke became confidential secretary and personal physician to Anthony Ashley Cooper, later Lord Chancellor, and the first earl of Shaftbury. Locke's association with Shaftbury enabled him to meet many of the great men of England, but it also caused him a great deal of trouble. Shaftbury was indicated for high treason, but Locke was suspected of disloyalty. In 1685 he left England for Holland after the revolution of 1688 (Wolterstorff 83). Locke was always very interested in psychology, and in about 1670, some of his friends begged him to write and publish a paper on limitations of human judgment. He started to write a few paragraphs, but 20 years passed before he finished because he was interested in Shaftesbury's political affairs. The result was his great and famous essay Concerning Human Understanding. In his work he stressed the theory that the human mind starts as a tabula rasa, which is a wax tablet ready to be used for writing. The mind has new born ideas, and once men get a greater understanding of the idea, he can learn to make that idea greater (?John Locke?). Locke was the founder of British empiricism. Locke's Essay is one of the classical documents of British empirical philosophy. The thing that Locke was most concerned about was epistemology, which means the theory of knowledge. Locke sees the universe as made up of ?insensible particles? and ?immaterial substances? that associate with human bodies. He believes these bodies have senses, which produce ideas. These ideas are what creates our thoughts, perception, and consciousness. Locke believed we have no knowledge other then our ideas. According to Locke, secondary qualities, such as taste, ?are nothing in the objects themselves but powers to produce ideas in use by their primary qualities? (Aaron 72) Locke is also known for the Two Treatises of Government. The first part of the document talks about the political views of Sir Robert Filmer. Filmer had argued that the power of a king is the same as a father's power over his children. Locke didn't agree with this concept and thought that the father only has power until his child become an adult and that the king's subjects are not the same as children. In the second part of the document, Locke says that ruler's must rule by the laws of nature, or natural rights to life, liberty, and property. The ruler's powers are given to him with people trusting that the ruler will follow these natural rights, and if the ruler doesn't follow these rights his power can be taken away. He believed that a monarchy with an assembly to make sure the monarch follows these natural rights was a perfect political arrangement. He also believed that principles of conduct were possible and humans could be trusted to follow these principles. These ideas had a tremendous effect on all future political thinking. The Americans Declaration of